Det är ingen tvekan om att Founding Fathers spelade en viktig roll i amerikansk historia. När det kommer till människorna som gjorde så mycket för grundandet av vår nation, hur kan du hålla reda på allt de gjorde? Lyckligtvis för dig har vi alla verktyg du behöver för att bemästra fädernas bidrag till den amerikanska regeringen. I denna APUSH snabbkursgranskning kommer vi att prata om ett av nyckeldokumenten som kan dyka upp på AP®-provet: Federalist Number 10.
Vad är federalist nummer 10?
Federalist nr 10 är en essä skriven av James Madison, som förekom iFederalist Papers. Tidningarna var en samling av 85 artiklar och essäer skrivna av Madison, Alexander Hamilton och John Jay 1787 och 1788. De argumenterade för ratificeringen avKonstitutionoch publicerades under pseudonymen Publius (den romerske Publius hjälpte till att störta monarkin och upprätta den romerska republiken).
Uppsatsens huvudargument var att en stark, enad republik skulle vara effektivare än de enskilda staterna när det gäller att kontrollera "fraktioner" - grupper av medborgare som förenats av någon sak "mot andra medborgares rättigheter, eller mot... samhällets intressen. ” Med andra ord, de var grupper av människor med radikala idéer som inte var bra för alla som helhet.
Fraktioner kontrolleras antingen genom att ta bort orsakerna eller kontrollera effekterna. I huvudsak innebär detta att regeringen antingen kan lösa problemet som fraktionen berörs av, eller vänta på att fraktionen ska agera och reparera skadan. Madison trodde att det var opraktiskt att ta bort orsakerna. Varför? Jo, säger han, för att komma till fraktioners idéer vid källan måste man antingen ta ifrån sig deras frihet eller göra det så att alla har samma åsikter.
Att ta bort friheten var uteslutet för Madison - han skrev, "Frihet är att fraktionera vad luft är att elda." Eld behöver luft för att existera, men det gör människor också. Madison menar att att ta bort friheten skulle förstöra fraktionerna, men det skulle också förstöra andras lycka. Det andra alternativet – att ge alla samma åsikter – är också omöjligt. Så länge människor har förmågan att resonera, säger Madison, kommer de att bilda sig olika åsikter. Därför hävdade Madison istället att fraktioner måste kontrolleras genom att svara på dem. Han ville göra detta genom att ge dem representation i en republikansk regering.
Konstitutionen krävde en republik, som väljer representanter för folket. Detta i motsats till en "ren demokrati", som skulle använda folkomröstningen. Madison trodde att en republik skulle kunna utvidga regeringen till fler fria medborgare i större delar av landet, som inte nödvändigtvis skulle kunna samlas, vilket skulle krävas under en ren demokrati.
Enligt federalist nr 10 kommer en stor republik att hjälpa till att kontrollera fraktioner eftersom när fler representanter väljs kommer det att finnas ett större antal åsikter. Därför är det mycket mindre troligt att det kommer att finnas en majoritet som förtrycker resten av folket.
Varför är federalist nummer 10 viktig?
Federalist nr 10 är möjligen den mest kända avFederalist Papers, och anses till och med vara en av de politiska skrifterna av högsta kvalitet genom tiderna. Vissa människor kallade till och med James Madison för "konstitutionens fader" på grund av hans essäers inflytande.
Eftersom Federalist No. 10 och de andra Federalist Papers publicerades under en pseudonym, fanns det kontroverser kring dem. Du har rätt. Faktum är att en hel grupp amerikaner som kallas antifederalisterna uttalade sig mot dessa skrifter. Som svar påFederalist Papers, Anti-federalister publicerade till och med en imponerande samling politiska skrifter som heterAntifederalistiska papper.
Antifederalister motsatte sig att göra regeringen starkare, i rädsla för att ge mer makt till en president kan leda till en monarki. Istället ville de att delstatsregeringarna skulle få mer auktoritet. Denna policy beskrevs i Confederation Articles, föregångaren till konstitutionen.
Federalist nr 10 kan ha haft ett inflytande på den eventuella ratificeringen av konstitutionen, särskilt i New York. Det är dock svårt att säkert mäta dess inflytande. Vad som är säkert är att debattörer använde många av federalistens skrifter som en slags handbok om hur man argumenterar för konstitutionen.
Vad du behöver veta för APUSH-provet – Flerval
Flervalsdelen av APUSH-provet kan fråga dig antingen om specifika detaljer, som innehållet i Federalist nr 10, eller om bredare konsekvenser, som dess inverkan på ratificeringsdebatter. Du borde vara bekant med inte bara federalist nr 10, menFederalist Paperssom helhet och de andra författarna, John Jay och Alexander Hamilton.
Flervalssektionen i APUSH-provet ber dig nu att svara på "stimulansmaterial". Det betyder att det kommer att finnas uppsättningar av frågor som ställer dig om en primär eller sekundär källa, såsom ett citat, målning, karta, diagram, etc.
Federalist nr 10 kan vara ett av dessa primära dokument. Lyckligtvis behöver du inte identifiera det - källan kommer att skrivas under utdraget. Du bör dock läsa över Federalist 10 någon gång under din studietid, så du är redan bekant med fraseringen. På så sätt kan du fokusera på frågorna tidigare, istället för att behöva smälta allt material för första gången.
College Board har inte släppt tidigare flervalsfrågor av den här typen, men här är en fråga som liknar de som kan dyka upp på APUSH-provet:
Enligt federalist nr 10 trodde Madison att det mest effektiva sättet att kontrollera fraktioner var
(A) eliminera källan till deras klagomål
(B) bilda en representativ republik som skulle förhindra förtryck av deras motståndare
(C) att hålla fast vid de starka statliga befogenheter som beskrivs i förbundsordningen
(D) förbjuda fraktionsförsamlingar
(E) att installera en ren demokrati där alla hade lika politiskt inflytande
Det korrekta valet är B. Även om Madison föreslog strategin i val A som ett potentiellt alternativ, misskrediterade han den till slut. Val D är felaktigt eftersom Madison motsatte sig att ta bort fraktionernas frihet, eftersom det var som "luft är att elda." Val C och E motsäger direkt Madisons position som federalist – istället representerar de den anti-federalistiska sidan av debatten.
Vad du behöver veta för APUSH-provet – uppsatser och dokumentbaserade frågor
Free-Response Questions och DBQs på APUSH-provet kommer att be dig att koppla samman grunddokument som Federalist No. 10 med andra händelser inom den bredare omfattningen av amerikansk historia. Madisons uppsats eller något av de andra federalistiska dokumenten kan till och med vara en av källorna för en DBQ.
Här är ett exempel på enFråga med fritt svardär du kan koppla in federalist nr 10 i ditt svar:
Analysera hur de politiska, ekonomiska och diplomatiska kriserna på 1780-talet formade bestämmelserna i Förenta staternas konstitution.
Om du vill skriva om Federalist nr 10 och de andra uppsatserna frånFederalist Papersi ditt svar skulle du kunna göra det i din diskussion om de politiska kriserna på 1780-talet. Prata om debatten om förbundsordningen mellan deFederalister och antifederalisterna, och hur federalist nr 10 användes för att övertyga amerikaner om behovet av att ratificera konstitutionen.
Naturligtvis måste du också ta med detaljer om ekonomiska och diplomatiska kriser vid denna tidpunkt, så federalist nr 10 är bara en pusselbit. För mer information om hur man tar in de andra aspekterna, kolla in våra andra APUSH-krockkurser och College Boards detaljeraderiktlinjer för poängsättning.
Grattis – du har tagit dig igenom vår APUSH snabbkurs på federalist nr 10! Nu kan du känna dig säker på att ta itu med frågor om ett av de viktigaste grunddokumenten. Med dessa verktyg i handen är du på god väg mot en femma i maj.
Låt oss omsätta allt i praktiken. Testa denna AP® US History Practice-fråga:
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FAQs
What is Federalist 10 easy summary? ›
Madison concludes that a small democracy cannot avoid the dangers of majority faction because small size means that undesirable passions can very easily spread to a majority of the people, which can then enact its will through the democratic government without difficulty.
What is the overall purpose of Federalist 10? ›James Madison wrote this essay to convince the people of New York to ratify the proposed federal U.S. Constitution.
What is the main takeaway from Federalist 10? ›What is the main idea of Federalist Paper 10? The main point of Federalist Paper 10 is that a strong federal government can protect liberty because it guards against the dangers of control by a narrow interest. Madison also called it "faction."
What is the summary of Federalist 10 quizlet? ›The purpose of Federalist No. 10 was to demonstrate that the proposed government was not likely to be dominated by any faction. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Madison argued, the key to mending the evils of factions is to have a large republic—the larger, the better.
What did James Madison argue in Federalist No 10 quizlet? ›What did Madison argue in Federalist no. 10? A large republic would protect minority rights, and therefore individual rights, because many factions would control the mischievous effects of factions.
What is the history of Federalist 10? ›Written by James Madison, this essay defended the form of republican government proposed by the Constitution. Critics of the Constitution argued that the proposed federal government was too large and would be unresponsive to the people. In response, Madison explored majority rule v. minority rights in this essay.
What is the first objective of government federalist 10 quizlet? ›"The diversity in the faculties of men from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to an uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government.
What was the main goal of the Federalists? ›Federalists battled for adoption of the Constitution
They favored weaker state governments, a strong centralized government, the indirect election of government officials, longer term limits for officeholders, and representative, rather than direct, democracy.
Anti-Federalists were worried about a concentration of power in the national government and the 10th Amendment states that federal power is limited. In theory, the 10th Amendment prevents the federal government from having total authority over policies.
What were three fears of Anti-Federalists? ›fears that Congress might seize too many powers under the necessary and proper clause; concerns that republican government could not work in a land the size of the United States; and their most successful argument against the adoption of the Constitution — the lack of a bill of rights to protect individual liberties.
What is the summary of the Federalist Papers? ›
In the Federalist Papers, Hamilton, Jay and Madison argued that the decentralization of power that existed under the Articles of Confederation prevented the new nation from becoming strong enough to compete on the world stage, or to quell internal insurrections such as Shays's Rebellion.
Which two men favored the Constitution? ›For example the only two national-level celebrities of the period, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, favored the Constitution. In addition to these impressive superstars, the Federalists were well organized, well funded, and made especially careful use of the printed word.
What is the problem discussed in Federalist 10 quizlet? ›What are the problem of factions according to James Madison in Federalist 10? Factions can become tyrannical- factions represent private interests and if they become the majority, they have the power to promote self-interests at the expense of others or even suppress the rights of others for their own gain.
Why is destroying liberty a negative thing? ›Why is destroying liberty a negative thing? The second expedient [give everyone the same opinions, passions, & interests] is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed.
Why was Brutus an anti federalist? ›Brutus was the pen name of an Anti-Federalist in a series of essays designed to encourage New Yorkers to reject the proposed Constitution. His series are considered among the best of those written to oppose adoption of the proposed constitution.
Why was Madison particularly concerned about factions in the Federalist No 10 quizlet? ›Why was Madison particularly concerned about factions in Federalist No. 10? He believed that factions pursuing their self-interest would work against the broader public interest.
What was the importance of the Federalist Papers? ›Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, the essays originally appeared anonymously in New York newspapers in 1787 and 1788 under the pen name "Publius." The Federalist Papers are considered one of the most important sources for interpreting and understanding the original intent of the Constitution.
What was the main argument in the Federalist Papers quizlet? ›The purpose of the federalist papers are: olitical prosperity and the Constitution; the inadequacy of the present government to preserve the union; the necessity of a strong and energetic government; the Constitution and its relationship to republican principles of government; the similarity of the proposed ...
What is Federalist No 10 Britannica? ›In one of the most notable essays, “Federalist 10,” Madison rejected the then common belief that republican government was possible only for small states. He argued that stability, liberty, and justice were more likely to be achieved in a large area with a numerous and heterogeneous population.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the Federalist 10? ›Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in Federalist 10and Brutus 1? In Federalist 10, power should be concentrated in the executive branch to address factions. In Brutus 1, national government is too far from the people.
What does Publius stand for? ›
Duer later wrote in support of the three Federalist authors under the name "Philo-Publius", meaning either "Friend of the People" or "Friend of Hamilton" based on Hamilton's pen name Publius. Alexander Hamilton chose the pseudonymous name "Publius".
What is the most common and durable source of faction according to Federalist 10? ›But the most common and durable source of factions, has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold, and those who are without property, have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination.
What is the first object of government in James Madison's view the federalist? ›The preservation of individual rights and liberties is, in James Madison's perspective, the "primary goal of government," according to The Federalist Papers.
What was the main goal of the Federalist and Anti-Federalists? ›Federalists believed that a stronger national government would improve relationships between states and help create, as the Constitution stated, a “more perfect union.” Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, worried that a federal government with more power would be prone to tyranny.
What were the three main arguments of the Federalists? ›What are federalist arguments for ratifying the Constitution? An argument there were three basic issues, whether the Constitution would maintain the republican government, the national government would have too much power, and the bill of rights was needed in the Constitution.
Did Federalists want a bill of rights? ›Supporters of the Constitution, the Federalists, thought a bill of rights was unnecessary and even dangerous. The authors of The Federalist Papers, including James Madison, argued for ratification of the Constitution without a bill of rights.
Are Federalists conservative or liberal? ›The Federalist Party was a conservative and nationalist American political party and the first political party in the United States.
Why is Amendment 10 important? ›The Tenth Amendment simply makes clear that institutions of the federal government exercise only limited and enumerated powers – and that principle infused the entire idea and structure of the Constitution from 1788 onwards.
What is the 10th Amendment in simple terms? ›The Tenth Amendment says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or to the people.
What rights does the 10th Amendment protect? ›The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Did Anti-Federalists support slavery? ›
Anti-Federalists Oppose Slavery Provisions in Constitution.
Why did the Anti-Federalists want a strong state government? ›Many Anti-Federalists preferred a weak central government because they equated a strong government with British tyranny. Others wanted to encourage democracy and feared a strong government that would be dominated by the wealthy. They felt that the states were giving up too much power to the new federal government.
What were the Anti-Federalists strongest arguments? ›The Anti-Federalists argued against the expansion of national power. They favored small localized governments with limited national authority as was exercised under the Articles of Confederation.
What was the main message in The Federalist Papers? ›The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787.
Which is a core theme of The Federalist Papers? ›The Federalist Papers was written in order to secure the ratification of a constitution providing for a more perfect union. Throughout the papers, the idea of a more perfect union takes center stage.
What did The Federalist Papers mainly argue about the Constitution? ›Federalists defended the Constitution's strengthened national government, with its greater congressional powers, more powerful executive, and independent judiciary. They argued that the new government supported the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism.
What jobs did Anti-Federalists have? ›Anti-Federalists worked mainly as farmers. They wanted a weaker central government that would mainly assist the state governments by providing basic functions like defense, international diplomacy, and setting foreign policy.
Who were the Anti-Federalists leaders? ›- Patrick Henry, Virginia.
- Samuel Adams, Massachusetts.
- Joshua Atherton, New Hampshire.
- George Mason, Virginia.
- Richard Henry Lee, Virginia.
- Robert Yates, New York.
- James Monroe, Virginia.
- Amos Singletary, Massachusetts.
Anti-Federalists, in early U.S. history, a loose political coalition of popular politicians, such as Patrick Henry, who unsuccessfully opposed the strong central government envisioned in the U.S. Constitution of 1787 and whose agitations led to the addition of a Bill of Rights.
What major concern does James Madison express in Federalist #10? ›Yet his acknowledged authorship of "Federalist Number 10," arguing that private rights and public good would be best protected in a single large republic rather than a mélange of small republics, cemented Madison's reputation as a nationalist and a political genius.
What is the main point of Federalist 10 quizlet? ›
The purpose of Federalist No. 10 was to demonstrate that the proposed government was not likely to be dominated by any faction. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Madison argued, the key to mending the evils of factions is to have a large republic—the larger, the better.
What was one of the major issues debated between federalists and Anti-Federalists? ›There were two sides to the Great Debate: the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists wanted to ratify the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists did not. One of the major issues these two parties debated concerned the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.
Why positive liberty is better than negative liberty? ›Positive liberty is the possession of the power and resources to act in the context of the structural limitations of the broader society which impacts a person's ability to act, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions.
When was Federalist 10 written? ›Federalist Paper No. 10, November 22, 1787 | IDCA.
Is negative liberty positive freedom? ›Negative liberty is freedom from interference by other people. Negative liberty is primarily concerned with freedom from external restraint and contrasts with positive liberty (the possession of the power and resources to fulfill one's own potential).
Why Brutus was right? ›Brutus: A Villain In The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar
The reason behind Brutus killing Caesar was for the better of Rome. If Brutus would not have killed Caesar, Rome would have turned into a dictatorship, and in turn it would have ruined Rome and all of its people.
Brutus believed that the proposed Constitution consolidated too much power in the hands of Congress, at the expense of the states. Additionally, he believed the liberties of the American people were best protected by the thirteen states continuing to be confederated republics.
What is the argument made in Brutus No 1 that the federal courts would destroy the power of the state courts? ›The argument made in Brutus No. 1 that the federal courts would destroy the power of the state courts arises from the fact that the Supreme Court holds the Judicial power of the country which is established by the Constitution. However, the power to create inferior and states state courts would be left to Congress.
What were federalists in simple terms? ›Federalists battled for adoption of the Constitution
They favored weaker state governments, a strong centralized government, the indirect election of government officials, longer term limits for officeholders, and representative, rather than direct, democracy.
1. or Federalist : a supporter of federal government. especially US : a supporter of the U.S. Constitution. 2. Federalist US : a member of a major political party in the early years of the U.S. that wanted a strong central government.
What are federalists for dummies? ›
Those who supported the Constitution and a stronger national republic were known as Federalists. Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in favor of small localized government were known as Anti-Federalists.
What is a federalist in your own words? ›A federalist is someone who believes in the type of political system in which states or territories share control with a central government. Alexander Hamilton, one of the founders of the United States, was a federalist.
What was the main purpose of federalists? ›The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787.
What were the 3 main arguments of the Federalists for the Constitution? ›What are federalist arguments for ratifying the Constitution? An argument there were three basic issues, whether the Constitution would maintain the republican government, the national government would have too much power, and the bill of rights was needed in the Constitution.
Did the Federalists want a Bill of Rights? ›Supporters of the Constitution, the Federalists, thought a bill of rights was unnecessary and even dangerous. The authors of The Federalist Papers, including James Madison, argued for ratification of the Constitution without a bill of rights.
Why did Federalists support the Constitution? ›Federalists supported the ratification of the new Constitution and believed a more robust national government with greater powers was necessary to unite the individual states and create a stronger country.
Why is it called Federalist? ›The society's name is said to have been based on the eighteenth-century Federalist Party; however, James Madison associated with Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party in opposition to Federalist Party policies borne from a loose interpretation of the Commerce Clause.
What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment? ›“The Tenth Amendment was intended to confirm the understanding of the people at the time the Constitution was adopted, that powers not granted to the United States were reserved to the States or to the people.
What is a federalist summary? ›In the Federalist Papers, Hamilton, Jay and Madison argued that the decentralization of power that existed under the Articles of Confederation prevented the new nation from becoming strong enough to compete on the world stage, or to quell internal insurrections such as Shays's Rebellion.